Spermicides contain chemicals which destroys sperm on contact. The most common spermicide ingredient is called Nonoxynol-9. Spermicides come in many different forms including: cream, gel, foam, suppositories, and film.
Spermicides are 79-94 percent effective when used alone. They are even more effective in preventing pregnancy when used in addition to another barrier method such as condoms, female condoms, and diaphragms.
Studies have shown that male condoms lubricated with Nonoxynol-9 are no more effective in preventing pregnancy then regular condoms or condoms with a non-spermicidal lubricant. However, condoms and a separate spermicide product are more effective in preventing pregnancy then a condom used on its own.
No. Unfortunately, spermicides have not been proven to have the ability to destroy sexually transmitted bacteria and viruses (including HIV). The World Health Organization makes the following recommendations:
Check the expiry date on the spermicide package. Always wash your hands and applicator (if required) before inserting spermicide products.
Film-Vaginal contraceptive film is a paper-thin sheet that should be inserted by your finger as close to the cervix as possible. The film will dissolve and disperse in the vagina. Putting the film on the end of the penis for insertion is not recommended because it may not be placed properly.
Gels and Creams-Spermicides in the form of gels and creams require an applicator. The applicator should be filled with the appropriate amount of product and then inserted as far into the vagina as it will comfortably go. Push the plunger of the applicator to release the product close to your cervix.
Foam-Shake foam container well, before filling applicator. Then follow the steps mentioned above for gel and cream application.
Suppository-Remove capsule from packaging. Insert into vagina with finger as far as it will go to rest near your cervix.
Spermicide Product |
Effective after insertion |
Effective for |
---|---|---|
Film |
5 minutes |
1 hour |
Gel or Cream |
Immediately |
1 hour |
Foam |
Immediately |
1 hour |
Suppository |
10-15 minutes |
1 hour |
Bioadhesive Gel |
immediately |
24 hours |
References - Contraceptive Technology (2004)
SOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines (2004)
Sex Sense - Canadian Contraception Guide (2000)
Revised: 2006-01-16